Materials and Automotive Bumper Industry

1) What is a bumper?
A bumper is a shield made of steel, aluminium, rubber, or plastic that is mounted on the front and rear of a passenger car. When a low speed collision occurs, the bumper system absorbs the shock to prevent or reduce damage to the car. Some bumpers use energy absorbers or brackets and others are made with a foam cushioning material.
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/problems/studies/Bumper/Index.html
Bumper systems have changed drastically over the last 20 to 30 years. More demanding government safety regulations and different styling concepts have resulted in new desig…