Difficulties Mastering Reported Speech at Tertiary Level

CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 1 is dedicated to the literature review concerning foreign language, foreign language learning and acquisition, learner’s strategies. There is shown the difference between concepts- ‘foreign’ and ‘second’ language. There also is compared the foreign language learning and acquisition.
As it is researched, language as it self is ‘human and non-instinctive method of
communicating ideas, feelings and desires by means of a system of sounds and sound systems.’ So the foreign language also is also the method of communicating, expressing ideas and feeling but only not in native language but in the foreign language. The foreign language
learning is a process by which the student learns the language; sometimes it is also called acquisition instead of language learning. Foreign language acquisition is ‘the initial stage of gaining basic communicative competence of language’ (Tomlinson, 2008). ‘There is however
some weighty advantages to acquisition as compared with learning’ (Stevick, 1988). The items which have been learned may be forgotten while what have been acquired is ‘relatively permanent’ (ibid.).
Language learning strategies are ‘a way in which a learner attempts to work out the
meanings and uses of words, grammatical rules, and other aspects of a language’ (Richards, Platt, Weber, 1992) and ‘strategies which contribute to the development of the language
system which the learner constructs and affect learning directly’ (Wenden, Rubin, 1987). The strategies are classified into cognitive learning strategies, metacognitive learning strategies, communication strategies and social strategies.
When learning and acquiring foreign language, there are difficulties and appear
problems. When the students learn foreign languages, there are factors which influence learning new language. These influences are so called ‘errors.’…