Paper on Specific Case Study of Latvia (EU)/Russia Border

Definition of Borders and Security
Boundary - a demarcation indicating some division in spatial terms. Border – an international boundary line; when a border is seen as a zone it is often called a borderland or the borderlands. Frontier - a zone of contact with or without a specified boundary line.i
As L.Heininen and H.N.Nicol have emphasized ‘security’ is a broad concept, there are many ideas about the meaning of security and what should, or should not, be a ‘security’ issue, therefore there are many different understandings and ways to define and conceptualize security.ii
Security in this paper is understood as direct intervention to prevent threats and interdict dangerous people and goods at the Latvia/Russia border.

Function of the Conceptual Framework
Author, as E.Brunet-Jailly in Borderlands: Comparing Border Security in North America and the European Union,iii in this paper tried, first, to discuss the relevance of agents on borders, second, to examine the porosity of border, and third, to suggest new policy guidelines to government and agents that might strengthen border security objectives.

HISTORY
In 1918-1940 (Latvia as independent state) and in 1940-1990 (as part of USSR) borders were never an issue. For Latvia creating the Eastern border from 1991 was a great challenge starting from “zero” because there were no border between Latvia and Russia for 50 years.
In 1991 after independence of Latvia there were started border negotiations by Latvia and Russia. Latvia claimed on a district in the neighbouring Russian region of Pskoviv (Pytalovo district of Pskov Oblast of the Russian Federation) former Jaunlatgale/Abrene which was part of Latvia before World War II.…